Elementary Topology e-bog

Elementary Topology: A Combinatorial and Algebraic Approach focuses on the application of algebraic methods to topological concepts and theorems. The publication first elaborates on some examples of surfaces and their classifications. Discussions focus on combinatorial invariants of a surface, combinatorial equivalence, surfaces and their equations, topological surfaces, coordinates on a sphere and torus, and properties of the sphere and torus. The text then examines complex conics and covering surfaces and mappings into the sphere, including applications of the winding number in complex analysis, mappings into the plane, winding number of a plane curve, covering surfaces, and complex conies. The book examines vector fields, network topology, and three-dimensional topology. Topics include topological products and fiber bundles, manifolds of configurations, paths, circuits, and trees, vector fields and hydrodynamics, vector fields on a sphere, and vector fields and differential equations. The publication is highly recommended for sophomores, juniors, and seniors who have completed a year of calculus.